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G. W. LIVERMORE.

BARREL MACHINE.

No 10,680. Patented Mar. 21., 1854.

- afterward driven upon the barrel by a gang UMTED GIEO. W. LIVERMORE, or GAMBR'IDGEPORT, ivms'sAonusnrcns.

MAGHiNERY'iFOR BAR-EELS.

speci cation ofietters Patent ave. 'ieeeaeaeee ivmene 1854.

Barrels and other Cash's; and]; hereby 'de'- clare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference be% ing had to the annexed 'drawings,"making part of this specification, in which I Figure 1 is an isometric View of the ma chine for forming the staves; Fig. 2', a sec'- tion through the same ,Fig. 3, a front view of the rollers detached from their bearings; Fig. 4 is an isometric view oft-the machine for jointing the staves and for reducing them to an uniform length, Fig. 5 is a plan of the carriage of the above machine in which thestavesare clamped preparatory to being jointed. Fig.6 is an end view ofthe same. Fig. 7 is a long itudinal section through the "same. Fig.8 is an isometric view. of the mabhine for croiingjarid chain it'ering the staves. Fig. 9 is a section'through the-same. Fig. 10-is a view ef the chamifer 'ing andcrozing cutters detached from the machine. Fig." 11 represents the manner in which the staves are set up} to Qform the cask. Fig. '12 is a long' itudinal section' through the machine employed for this pur-'; pose. Fig/ 13 is the-machinefor'driving 'the'"'h0'p'ps after' the barrel is set'iup. j

The firstv partbf my -'nvention consists in passing thestave blanks between grooved or toothed rellers s0 arrangedwithfrespect to each other andso curved upon their surfaces as to, ,give to the staves' the required shape, the action efthereuers at the saine'time so compressing I the wood that "the shape given; to them is, permanently retained. f My second improvement consists in the;

peculiar construction of the carriage ofthe' jointing machine which willy be hereafter described, by which I am enabled simultan'e-f 'ously to joint a large number efeeeveeene to reduce them to the length required; I My third improvementconsistsin placing a cone or frustum of a cone over the barrel} upon which cone the-hoops are placed, being of drivers attached to a suitable shaft which is caused todescend'by a lever or cam} operated by hand orl by their ownweigght. l

To-enable others skilled in the art to 'mak i to the next pair B, I I I tween the last pair ere11ereB, D", out of and use my improvements,l will preeeed w "de cribe their nature and operation.

The luinber of which my staves are to be 'fo'rmed, having been sawed of the requisite thickness and planed upon one or both sides,

isfsliti'nto blanks otan uniform 'width and length. These blanks are then passed through the maehine represented infFigs. 1,

2 and 3, which is constructed. as follows: A is the framework of the machine of a strength sufiici'entto endure the strain upon the operating parts.

B, ''B, "B", are convex toothed'rollers which are driven in'ai'i'y suitable manner by pe'w'er applied to their Q-1C, C". The first of these rollers' 'B"or thatwhich first receives the stave blank is but slightly curved. Thecurveof the'next'roll'er Bhas a shorter radius, and' the lastB is' inore euryedthan'ei ther of the other two; 1), D, YD, are eoncav'e rollers smooth upon their surfa'ce plaeedi mmediately beneaththe ing their surfaces curved'tocorrespondwith ep rate from ea-eh otherby thej's'pri nfgs a,

a, a, the boxes er the upper rollersfbeing forceddown by the "s'e't'serews 6,6, b',:and

"those ofthe lower oneseforced up by the set screws 0, e, 0,"f0r the-purpose of adjusting the distancebetweenthe'rollers to the thickness of the blank to" be run-through them.

The transverse curvature of the stave is given by theconvexity of the rollers B, B,

B, while they are curved vlongitucglii a'lly by thefollowing devicezfThe' b'QXe's 'E' and "B" which carry the middle pair of the series ofrolle-rs are depressed by mean's 'of their 1 I adjusting screws" b and 10, beneath the level of those which carry the two outside pair er rollers. The toothed rollers'B, B, B ,be-

ingvdriven '-by power suitably applied to T their shafts, thestave-blanks prepared as before described of an uniform andunvary lng thihkness and width, are presented one by one to the first pair of rollers D, as repre- 'sentedby dotted lines inFig. 2. The blank,

being seized by these rollers is passed through" the machine. It is" found that staves thus treated maybe put into the exact shape D, and so on berequired, even though the blanks are of the most refractory, knotty and well seasoned oak. By depressing on raising the middle set ofrollers, the longitudinal curvature of the stave may be varied at pleasure. The transverse curvature can be varied by changing the last pair of rollers of the series. lVhatever may be the state of the lumber whether seasoned or green when the staves are run through the above machine, the shape then given to them is retained, while their strength is not in the least impaired by the crimping or pressing to which they are subjected. It is obvious that a greater number of rollers than is above represented may sometimes be required for casks of large dimensions or for some species of lumber; in most cases however it will be found that three pairs of rollers will be sutficient. The staves are next taken to the machinerepresented in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 where they are jointed and reduced to the length required in the following manner.

G is the framework of an ordinary Daniels planing machine, H the cutter head, and I a clamp carriage which slides upon the frame G, being guided by the tongue (Z'which enters the groove 6 in the bottom timber of the carriage. This carriage is composed of a series of clamps for the purpose of holding the staves, during the operation of jointing, and is constructed as follows:

I are the side timbers to which the transverse bars K are secured.

L are the stationary jaws of the clamps which are likewise secured to the side rails I and are curved upon one surface to correspond with the concavity of the interior of the stave to be dressed.

Mare the followers or movable jaws of the clamps. They are permitted to slide 'freely upon the rails I, and are forced up to their work by the screws f which work in the cross bars K of the carriage. They are made concave to correspond with the exterior surface of the stave, and together with the stationary jaws L are so inclined to the general level of thecarriage as seen in'Fig. 7 that each stave when dressed in a horizontal plane, shall be jointed in a plane passing through the axis of the cask.

g is a longitudinal bar running the whole length of the carriage and passing through-i mortises 2' in the ends of the bars'K. These mortises are larger than the width of the bar 9 which is secured firmly in position by the wedge keys it. These keysmay be with drawn from the position which they occupy at h in Figs. and 6 and the bar 9 may then be thrown farther out toward the ends of the cross bars K as seen in g, Fig. 5, in

which position it may be securedby driving the keys upon the'other side of it as at h Fig. 5.

N is a circular'saw running in suitable the pressure of the screws f' upon the jaws M, the bang being in the position repres. sented at g, Fig. 5; the carriage is then run.

through the machine, the revolving cutters Z jointing the edges of the staves in a horizontal plane at the same time that the staves are reduced to an uniform length by the saws N. The clamps are then loosened and the bar 9 returned to the position seen at g j in Fig. 5, bywhich means the staves are projected slightly beyond the position which they formerly occupied. They are then turned over, the other side being placed up: permost, when the carriage is again run through the machine the opposite edges of the staves are jointed, and the staves are trimmed upon the other end by the circular saw an amount equal to the motion of the bar 9. It is evident that the staves will leave this machine of an uniform length and width and accurately'jointed in planespass ing through the axis of the cask. j

The staves are now completed and the next operation is to set up the casks; this is accomplished in the machine represented v v in Figs. 11 and 12. l v

G is the platform of the machine. H H

uprights which carrying the spindles I I, v

the former of which is stationary, while the latter may be brought 'more or less near to.

the other by means of the screws and crank K. The heads L L arethen applied to the spindles, the guide pins f entering the center of the head. The staves are then placed upon the heads", in succession, the

barrel being revolved as the work proceeds, the guides M M preventingthe staves from falling until the truss" hoops are forced on. These hoops are of metal that they may be made so thin as not to interfere with the subsequent operation of hooping, which is performed upon the'machine represented in Fig. 13. The barrel as it comes from the last described machine is secured in the hooplng machine by the clamp N, the retaining hai being held, until; released, by the button P.

Q, is a frustum of a cone of metal, hard wood or other suitable material, the base of which is the exact size of the barrel. This cone is placed upon the cask R as seenfat Fig. 13 and is temporarily secured thereto by a screw '2 or by other etficient means,

and serves to guide the hoops in the manner which will be hereafter explained.

S is a metallic head to which are hinged the drivers 9 which are guided by slots in the disk T and are forced into their work by springs 71..

T is a vertical shaft attached to the head S and disk T Which passes up through the framework in Which it slides freely, its motions being governed by the cord V attached to its upper end, or in any other suitable and appropriate manner. The hoops being arranged at hand of as many different sizes as may be required, the barrel is placed in the clamp and surmounted by the cone Q. The hooks are then placed upon the cone one by one and the drivers are permitted to descend and force the hoop to its place. It is evident that these drivers may be Worked by a lever or by a treadle and be carried up by a spring or Weighted cord, or it may be Weighted and permitted to drop for the purpose of driving the hoop to its place.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is manner set forth and for the purpose described. I

2. The peculiar construction of the carriage of the jointing machine represented in Fig. 5, the bar 9 being made adjustable Within the long slots or mortises in the manner set forth and for the purpose described.

3. I claim the combination of the cone Q, with the spring drivers g" operating as described for the purpose of guiding the hoop to the barrel and driving it into place in the manner set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this eighth day of August, A. D. 1853.

CAUsTEN BRoWNE, SAM. CooPIN. 

